Budding and Appendaged (Prosthecate) Bacteria

a	b
Prosthecate bacteria. (a) Electron micrograph of a shadow-cast preparation of Asticcacaulis biprosthecum, illustrating the location and arrangement of the prosthecae. Cells are about 0.6 um wide.Note also the holdfast material and the swarmer cell in the process of differentiation. (b) Electron micrograph of a negatively stained preparation of a cell of the prosthecate bacterium Ancalomicrobium adetum. The appendages are cellular (prosthecae) because they are contain cytoplasm and are about 0.2 um in diameter.
c	d
(c) Electron micrograph of a whole cell of a prosthecate phototrophic green bacterium, Ancalochloris perfilievii; cells are about 0.7 um in diameter. The structures within the cell are gas vesicles. (d) Electron micrograph of the star-shaped bacterium Stella. Cells are about 0.8 um in diameter.